![]() ![]() Most earthworms prefer soil pH between 5.0 and 7.0 and soil temperatures around 10‑16 ☌, though pH and temperature tolerances vary by species.Įarthworms are usually rare in sandy soils, due to the potential for dry conditions, diluted organic matter, and the abrasiveness of the sand particles. ![]() Some earthworms, such as Eisenia fetida, also secrete toxic mucous that helps ward off predators. ![]() Earthworms require moist soil to maintain their external mucus membrane, which helps prevent desiccation and facilitate air diffusion for breathing. There's also a handy leaflet that you can print off and distribute around your golf clubĮarthworms vary in their environmental tolerances. Additionally, cast material that is smeared across a turfgrass leaf may prevent photosynthesis, resulting in weak,ĭownload an updated poster with information about earthworms for golfers to read. Earthworms can also mine weed seed from the profile when the seeds are deposited above the turf among nutrient‑rich cast material, weeds can germinate and become problematic. Casts deposited on the turf surface can retain moisture and lead to turfgrass disease. Earthworm activity can also lead to pest invasion. Surface casting can result in a muddy and uneven playing surface and can interfere with quality and height of cut if casts build up on mower units. In golf turf, though, excessive production of earthworm faecal matter, commonly called ‘casts’, has many negative effects when casts are deposited above the turf canopy. Earthworms can also stimulate microbial activity, which helps break down thatch. Earthworms are generally considered to be beneficial organisms as their burrowing activity enhances water and air movement through the soil and moves organic matter into the profile.Įarthworm faeces are high in nutrients and can help ‘glue’ soil particles together to help improve soil structure. ![]()
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